Variables, Hypotheses & Designs
Variables
- Independent variable
- Dependent variable
- Extraneous variables
Hypotheses
- The ability to take the variables and write an accurate testable hypothesis.
Experimental Designs
- Repeated measures (& counterbalancing)
- Independent groups
- Matched pairs
- Strengths and weaknesses for each:
- Order effects
- Time-consuming/quick
- Number of participants
Experiments vs Natural Studies vs Field Studies
- The difference between each of these
- A strength and a weakness for each
Standardisation, Sampling & Ethics
Standardisation
- Brief
- Standardised procedures/instructions
- Debrief
Sampling Methods
- Random sampling
- Systematic sampling
- Opportunity sampling
- Stratified sampling
- Strengths and weaknesses for each: bias, representative, time-consuming/quick
Ethics
- Informed consent
- Deception
- Protection from harm/stress
- Privacy
Data & Graphs
Data Analysis
- Qualitative and Quantitative data
- Mean
- Median
- Mode
- Range
- Drawing conclusions from the average
- Drawing conclusions from the range
- Calculating percentages
Drawing Graphs
- Draw accurate bar charts
- Draw accurate line graphs
- Draw accurate scattergraphs
- Drawing conclusions from graphs
Research Method Choices
Questionnaires
- Open/closed questions
- Evaluations
Interviews
- Structured vs unstructured
- Evaluations
Case Studies
Observations
- Covert vs overt
- Evaluations
- Inter-observer reliability
Correlations
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